Acoustics

Transducer & Spectrum

The Music Telegraph | Text 2018/11/30 [17:16]
Acoustics

Transducer & Spectrum

The Music Telegraph| 입력 : 2018/11/30 [17:16]

  

 

 

 

 

Transducer & Spectrum

 

Transducer:

- A device that converts one form of energy into another

 

 

     * Motion + Magnetism in a conductor = speaker, microphone

 

     * Electricity + Magnetism = motor

 

 

▲ Acoustic

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▲ Electrical conversion

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▲ Magnetic conversion

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Soundwave motion:

 

1. In Air

- Longitudinal motion

- Altering increase (compression) / decrease (rarefaction)

 

2. In a solid

- Transvalue motion

- The motion/vibration of the solid is added/combined with the original motion

 

 

 

 

Distortion change:

 - Distortion is everywhere: we need to minimize distortion to get perfect sound

 

 

 

▲ The movement of sound waves in the air

: In the air, sound waves vibrate up and down, regularly increasing molecular density of surrounding air molecules (Comppression) or decreasing molecular density(Reafaction), sound waves also move in Latitudinal Motion at the same time.

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▲ Sound wave's latitudinal motion

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▲ The movement of sound waves in solids 

The movement of sound waves within solid is greatly influenced by the movement and motion direction of solid molecules. That is, the vibration and the kinetic energy of the solid molecules combine with the kinetic energy of the sound waves, and the sound waves change irregularly. (Transvalue motion) The fluidity of solid molecules is much smaller than that of air molecules.

Because of the irregular motion of the sound waves due to the interference of these solid molecules, the distortion of the sound in the solid occurs more widely than in the air.

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Spectrum:

- A range of frequencies

- Human hearing: 20 ~ 20 kHz (In US) / 16 ~ 16 kHz (In Europe) —> Sonic spectrum (heard)

- Below 20 Hz ==> Sub sonic (felt: feel)

- Above 20 kHz ==> (Perception)

 

 

 

 

Instrument Range: 

▲ Instrument range: 5 Hz ~ 60,000 Hz (cps) (CPS: Cycle Per Second, cps = Hz)

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Analog Recording:

- 10 Hz (=cps) ~ 36,000 Hz (=cps)

 

 

Digital:

- 16 bit = 10 Hz ~ 22,500 cps (=22.5 kHz)

- 24 bit = 10 Hz ~ 48,000 Hz

 

 

Vinyl:

- 40 ~ 18,000 cps

- This sounds warmer than 16 bit digital audio

 

 

Cassette tape:

- 80 ~ 12,000 Hz

- Tape has really good distortion

 

 

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