Balanced and Unbalanced cables

 

 

Audio cables are usually composed of one or two 'insulted conductors'. Each insulation line is wrapped with a fine-wire shield, which reduces electrical noise (Hum). The outer edge of the shield is covered with a soft plastic or rubber cover of the insulator that covers the entire cable.

 

▲ © The Music Telegraph

 

 

Audio cables are used for 'Balanced Transmission System' or 'Unbalanced Transmission System'. In Balanced transmission systems (e.g. microphone cable), cables consist of two insulated wires used to transmit signals. Unbalanced systems such as guitar cables consist of only one insulated wire, in which case not only insulated wires but also shields that enclose insulated wires also transmit signals. Equipment that supports balanced cables in recording equipment has a connector (Tree-pin connector, also called XLR-type), which is made up of three pins, and equipment that supports unbalanced cables is called 'Phone Jack' (usually 1/4 inch or 1/8 inch ) or RCA jack (Phono jack). Generally, connectors that support balanced cables can remove more electrical noise (Hum) than jacks, which supports unbalanced cables. However, when using an unbalanced cable of 3 meters (10 feet) or less, the amount of hum is not much different from that of balanced cables, and the price of unbalanced cables is cheaper than balanced cables.

 

 

▲ Phone plug

 

▲ Phone jack

▲ RCA (Phono) plug

 

▲ RCA (Phono) jack

▲ Male XLR-type connector

 

▲ Female XLR-type connector

 

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