▲ Reverberation & Echo © General Studies Manual

 

Reverb

 

 

Reverberation

 

1. Direct Sound

- No reflection

- From source to listener (or mic) with no reflections

- Indicates the true timbre (harmonics)

- Indicates 'size & location' of the source

 

 

2. Early reflections

- Within 50ms after direct sounds

- Indicates size of the room

 

 

3. Later reflections

- Over 50ms after direct sounds

- Indicates surface texture of the room

 

 

4. Ratio of direct to reflected sound

- Indicates distance from the source

 

 

5. Reverberation

- Multiple random reflections

- Persistence of sound in a room

- After the source has stopped producing sound

- Measured by RT60 (the time for reverb to decay by 60dB)

 

 

▲ Components of Reverberation ©The Music Telegraph

 

 

*Echo

- A distinct repeat of a sound

- Need 35 to 50 ms delay to hear it as a repeat

- Human ear cannot distinguish echo from the original direct sound if the delay is less than 1/10 of a second

 

 

 

Sound fields

 

1. Close field

- Only direct sound exists

- No reflections exist (within inches of the source)

 

 

2. Near field

- Mostly direct with some reflected sounds

 

 

*Critical distance

- Equal amounts of direct and reflected sound

 

 

3. Reverberant field

- Mostly reflected sounds with some direct sound

 

 

*Far field

- 3 categories: Near, Critical, and Reverberant field

 

 

4. Free field

- No reflection

- Anechoic chamber

 

 

5. Open field

- One reflective surface only

 

 

▲ Anechoic chamber © Science ABC

 

 

 

 

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