Audio Engineering

About Equalizers (EQ) (2)

The Music Telegraph | Text 2019/06/28 [11:51]
Audio Engineering

About Equalizers (EQ) (2)

The Music Telegraph| 입력 : 2019/06/28 [11:51]

 

▲ Three parameters of EQ: Center Frequency (fc), Gain, and Bandwidth

© The Math Works, Inc



 

About Equalizers (EQ) (2)

 

There are three types of equalizers and they are known by the shape of the curves they develop.The most common type of equalizer curve used is called the Peaking curve. The others are called the Roll-Off (or Cut) filter, and the Shelving filter. Most equalizers will have circuitry for two or more of these curves built into one unit, and most will offer more than one frequency range to work with. (*refer to this article)

 

There are three parameters that determine the shape and hence sound of an equalizer setting. They are Center Frequency, Gain, and Bandwidth. They may be completely fixed by the designer (as in a high or low-cut filter) or completely controlled by the engineer (parametric equalizer).

 

1) Center Frequency and Corner Frequency

The first parameter in a peaking equalizer curve is called the center frequency. It establishes the frequency around which the equalizer will most affect the signal. In the case of a cut or shelving equzlizer, the frequency at which it starts to affect the signal is called the corner frequency (or knee). These are important parameters because they will establish the spectral range in which the equalizer will affect the sound. They determine how the sound will change. For instance,setting the center frequency in the high frequency range will alter the amount of "brightness", high transient response, and "air" that a sound has, whereas selecting a low center frequency will alter the sound's lower "power" spectrum.

 

▲ Corner Frequency at shelving EQ

© rane.com



2) Gain (Boost or Cut)

The second parameter determines how much more (or less) of the center frequency you want to add (or subtract) from the signal. This is called the gain, but because gain can be both positive or negative which can be confusing, the parameter is more commonly referred to as boost (plus gain) or cut (minus gain, or attenuation). This parameter will allow the engineer to alter the spectral relationship of a sound and hence alter its timbre. A great deal of boost at one particular frequency will change the timbre of that sound. The gain control can make the sound more "powerful" or "edgy" or "smooth", depending on where in the sound's spectrum you choose the center frequency.

 

3) Bandwidth and Q

The third parameter is called the curve's Q. This is related to the bandwidth of the curve and determines the shape of the curve and how many frequencies on either side of the center frequency will be affected. The value of Q is a ratio between the center frequency and the bandwidth of a curve. It is found by dividing the center frequency by the bandwidth of the curve. This is an important parameter because it will allow the engineer to either be very selective in the choice of frequencies to alter, or be very broad.

 

Q = Center Frequency ÷ Bandwidth

 

 

 

 

 

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