▲ Condenser microphone capsule © MXL Microphones

Review #3 (Microphone)

 

 

1. Three professional Microphones

1) Condenser Mic

2) Dynamic Mic (a.k.a. moving coil)

3) Ribbon Mic (a.k.a. moving dynamic)

 

 

 

2. Radial (Side address)

- 0° axis is perpendicular to Mic body: 

▲ Radial (Side address) © The Music Telegraph

Axial (Front address)

- 0° axis thru Mic body: 

▲ Axial (Front address) © The Music Telegraph

 

3. Electrostatic force (Condenser Mic)

- Attraction that exist between positive and negative charge

- The capsule of a basic condenser microphone consists of 2 very thin plates: 

 

▲ These two plates form a 'Capacitor' (Condenser) © The Music Telegraph

▲ Working principle of condenser microphone © MXL Microphones

 

*A capacitor is an electronic device storing an ‘ electrical charge’

- The amount of charge that a capacitor can store is determined by its capacitance value & the voltage:

 

Q=CV (Q is the charge, C is capacitance)

 

- The capacitance of a capsule is determined by the composition and surface area of these plates, the dielectric or substance between the plates (which is air and is also fixed), and the distance between the plates (which proportionally varies with sound pressure) ==> ∴ Plates of condenser Mic capsule form a sound-pressure sensitive capacitor

 

 

*Output and potential relationships as a result of changing capacitance:

▲ As a sound wave decreases the condenser spacing by d, the capacitance will increase, causing the voltage to proportionately fall (vice versa) © The Music Telegraph

 

 4. Shadow effect

- Occurs in All polar patterns (Omni, Cardioid, Bi-directional, ...)

- Any sound arriving from the direction of the Mic body

a) will be slightly attenuated

b) slight loss of High Frequency content

 

 

 

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